截至2021年，我國城市道路里程達56.9萬公里，大中城市路網密度達到每平方公里4公里以上，交通聚集、路擠車密。城市隧道作為路網關鍵節點，暢通保障極為關鍵。針對城市隧道交通、結構與環境復雜條件，研發運營隧道風險在線獲取、智能評估、事前防控、快速診處的管控體系需求迫切、意義深遠。
多學科綜合研究 破解隧道風控難題
該項目針對城市隧道交通流密集、周邊擾動易發頻發、節點災病加劇問題、社會影響成倍放大的服役安全典型風險特征，從城市隧道服役安全風險評估理論，城市隧道交通、結構智能感知裝備，城市隧道結構損傷快速修繕技術與城市隧道服役風險集成管控平臺四方面入手，采用理論分析、數值模擬、室內外試驗和工程驗證等多種研究手段，通過“交通+機器視覺”、人工智能多學科融合，解決城市隧道服役安全典型風險評估理論與防控關鍵技術難題，建立集感知、評估、診斷、防控于一體的理論、技術、裝備與平臺體系，工程應用效果顯著，前景廣闊。
開發集成平臺 實現在線智能管控
該項目從“交通-結構-環境”的角度切入，提出了基于隱患和保障雙因素模型的交通運行風險評估方法、隧道本體結構損傷量化計算與服役安全評估方法、基于強度折減法的近接隧道環境安全影響分區評價方法，構建了城市隧道風險評估體系。
該項目研發了運營隧道交通組成和危險車輛風險識別與跟蹤監測裝備、運營隧道拱墻結構損傷巡檢機器人、運營隧道仰拱結構無損檢測機器人等智能裝備，實現了城市隧道交通狀態與結構損傷安全風險的實時在線智能感知。
該項目提出了預防護、創微修繕、快速修復不同等級風險控制目標，研發了短錨微創修繕風險防控技術、波紋鋼套拱快速加固風險控制技術，實現了不同等級結構損傷風險的快速高效處治應用。
同時項目建立了基于網絡爬蟲技術自動更新的風險知識庫、宏觀信息與單體狀態融合的城市隧道運營數據庫，開發了集感知、評估、診斷、處治為一體的城市隧道服役安全風險防控集成平臺，實現了運營安全風險的在線智能管控。
該項目研究成果已在重慶、四川、福建等省市成功應用，獲授權發明專利40項、軟件著作權8項，主編參編行業標準6部、地方標準1部，出版專著5部，發表論文94篇，其中高水平論文50余篇，經濟社會效益顯著，推廣應用前景廣闊。
提升隧道安全服務水平 降本創效超5億
通過對隧道運營風險的在線辨識、動態評估和預警、微擾預防控制等方法實現了城市隧道襯砌結構、外部環境和運營風險的智能管控，為我國城市隧道的安全運營和交通功能的有效發揮提供有力保障，提升城市隧道服務水平與品質，促進隧道韌性運維、防災減災、智能檢監測等防災減災新材料、新技術、新產品等相關學科發展，推動城市隧道韌性建設與管養技
術進步。
該項目研究成果自2017年開始推廣應用于重慶劉家臺隧道、曾家巖隧道、千廝門隧道，廈門第二西通道海滄隧道等多個城市核心區數十座隧道工程，實現了科學運營管控，降低了運養成本，累計取得經濟效益約5.3億元。除此之外，該項目課題研究成果的應用還可降低隧道運營安全事故發生，降低城市隧道全壽命周期內的運營和養護成本，提升隧道通行能力與延長服役時間，間接經濟效益顯著。
Safeguard Urban Tunnels
Text by China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd.
As of 2021, China had a network of urban roads with a length of 569,000 kilometers, and the density of road networks in large and medium-sized cities exceeded four kilometers per square kilometer. It is vital to ensure the unimpeded operation of urban tunnels, which are a critical node of the road network. In view of the complex urban tunnel traffic, structure and environment, it is of great urgency and far-reaching importance to develop a management and control system for online acquisition of risks on operating tunnels, intelligent assessment, pre-event prevention, and rapid diagnosis and handling.
Multidisciplinary comprehensive research to solve problems in tunnel risk control
In view of the typical risk characteristics of safe service including urban tunnels with heavy traffic, frequent peripheral disturbances, aggravated disasters and diseases at node points, and multiplied social impact, the project focuses on the four areas of the theory of safety risk assessment of urban tunnel service, intelligent perception equipment for urban tunnel traffic and structure, technology for rapid repair of urban tunnel structural damage, and integrated risk management and control platform for urban tunnel service. Through the multidisciplinary integration of “traffic plus machine vision” and artificial intelligence, the project used a variety of research means such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, indoor and outdoor tests as well as engineering verification to solve the key technical problems facing typical risk assessment theory as well as prevention and control for safe urban tunnel service, and established theory, technology, equipment and platform system integrating perception, assessment, diagnosis, prevention and control. The project achieved remarkable engineering results with broad prospects.
Develop an integrated platform to realize online intelligent control
From the perspective of “traffic-structure-environment”, this project adopted traffic operation risk assessment method based on the two-factor model of hazard and support, a method for quantitative calculation of structural damage to tunnel body and service safety assessment, and a zoning evaluation method for safety impact of proximity tunnel environment based on strength reduction method, and established an urban tunnel risk assessment system.
The project team developed intelligent equipment such as equipment for operating tunnel traffic composition as well as dangerous vehicle risk identification, tracking and monitoring, patrol robots for inspecting arch wall structure damage of operating tunnels, and robots for non-destructive inspection of inverted arch structure of operating tunnels, which realize real-time online intelligent perception of traffic status of urban tunnels and safety risks caused by structural damage.
The project team set the risk control objectives of different levels for preventive protection, minimally invasive repair and rapid repair, and developed the risk prevention and control technology for short bolt-based minimally invasive repair and the risk control technology for rapid reinforcement of corrugated steel umbrella arch, realizing the rapid and efficient treatment of structural damage risks at different levels.
At the same time, the project team established a risk knowledge base based on web crawler technology, and the urban tunnel operation database integrating macro information and single state, and developed a platform for risk prevention and control for urban tunnel service safety integrating perception, assessment, diagnosis and handling, thereby realizing online intelligent management and control of operational risks.
The research results have been applied to projects in Chongqing, Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces and cities. The project team has obtained 40 authorized invention patents and 8 pieces of software copyrights, participated in the compilation of six pieces of industry standards and one piece of local standard as the editor-in-chief or editor, published five monographs and 94 papers, including over 50 high-level papers. The project results generate significant economic and social benefits, with broad prospects for application.
Improve service level for tunnel safety, reduce costs and create value in excess of 500 million yuan
The project realized the intelligent management and control of urban tunnel lining structure, external environment and operational risks by means of the online identification of tunnel operation risks, dynamic assessment and early warning, micro-perturbation prevention and control, which provide strong support for the safe operation of urban tunnels and the effective utilization of traffic functions in China, improve the service level and quality of urban tunnels, promote the development of new materials, new technologies, and new products for resilient tunnel operation & maintenance, disaster prevention and mitigation, intelligent inspection and monitoring, and promote technological progress in resilient urban tunnel construction as well as management and maintenance.
Since 2017, the research results of this project have been applied to dozens of tunnel projects in the heart of many cities such as Liujiatai Tunnel, Zengjiayan Tunnel, and Qianjiamen Tunnel in Chongqing, and Haicang Tunnel of Second West Channel in Xiamen. These have realized scientific operation and control, cut operation and maintenance costs, and generated economic benefits totaling about 530 million yuan. Moreover, the application of the research results can also reduce the occurrence of accidents of tunnel operation safety, cut the costs of operation and maintenance of urban tunnels throughout the life cycle, enhance tunnel traffic capacity and service life, and generate significant indirect economic benefits.
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